Confirmation Bias: People tend to interpret and remember information in a way that confirms their preexisting beliefs or expectations.
Cognitive Dissonance: The discomfort experienced when holding two conflicting beliefs or attitudes, leading individuals to resolve the inconsistency to reduce the discomfort.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: Abraham Maslow proposed a hierarchy of human needs, ranging from basic physiological needs to higher-level psychological and self-fulfillment needs.
Stanford Prison Experiment: This infamous psychological study conducted by Philip Zimbardo demonstrated how individuals can quickly adopt assigned roles and exhibit unexpected behaviors in a simulated prison environment.
Pavlovian Conditioning: Ivan Pavlov's classic experiment with dogs demonstrated classical conditioning, where an initially neutral stimulus (bell) becomes associated with a reflex response (salivation) through repeated pairing with an unconditioned stimulus (food).
Halo Effect: The tendency to perceive someone positively in one aspect and assume they excel in other areas as well, even without evidence.
Freudian Slip: A verbal mistake that is believed to reveal an unconscious thought or motive, based on Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory.
Selective Attention: The ability to focus on a particular stimulus while ignoring others. This concept is evident in various psychological phenomena, such as the famous "invisible gorilla" experiment.
Social Identity Theory: Henri Tajfel's theory that individuals categorize themselves and others into social groups, leading to ingroup favoritism and outgroup discrimination.
Fight-or-Flight Response: The physiological and psychological reaction to a perceived threat, preparing the body to either confront or escape from the danger.
It's important to note that while these are widely accepted psychological concepts, the field of psychology is dynamic, and new research may refine or add to our understanding of these phenomena over time.
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